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KB0139: How can popup footnotes be implemented for Kindle?

Some versions of the Kindle, such as the Kindle Paperwhite, implement popup footnotes by using heuristics (guesses) about what might be the content of a footnote.

By combining the URL and bookmark into one anchor tag, Jutoh generates code that is (sometimes) compatible with these heuristics. In your Index properties, set the reference style before each note to [1] or (none), and set the base reference style to (none). It may possibly work without these two changes, or it may not work despite them, since the Kindle firmware is temperamental in its footnote parsing.

Footnotes may not work at all unless you use endnotes mode, putting all footnotes into one section. (The Paperwhite appears not to be able to hyperlink to the same section, only to other sections; links to the same section don't do anything.) For this, you will need to use the command Book | Update to generate or update the endnotes page. Also blank out the Group style setting so that no group headings are generated within the endnotes: these can interfere with the Kindle footnote parsing.

Unfortunately, the Kindle Paperwhite firmware can still use the wrong text for popups. To prevent popups showing at all (linking to the regular footnote location instead), a Jutoh user has suggested the following workaround. Insert a bookmark before each paragraph that contains a footnote. This tells Kindle that it's OK not to use a popup because the back link will take the user to a suitable location near the original footnote reference.

If you do wish to use popups, you may find that it displays the correct footnote followed by the subsequent footnotes, all bunched up in one paragraph. To tidy up this mess, do the following:

  1. in Project Properties/Indexes/Footnotes & Endnotes, check Add tags for Epub 3;

  2. update the endnotes (if you are using endnotes);

  3. compile the ebook.

This uses Epub 3 section tags (or div tags if using Epub 2) to differentiate the footnotes, allowing better formatting in the popup window.


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